The audits are a result of Congress's overhaul of the Bankruptcy Code in 2005, which implemented numerous revisions aimed at reducing fraud and abuse of the bankruptcy system. In addition to selecting one out of every 250 cases per federal judicial district for audit, United States trustees may also select any cases that raise red flags because of unusually high income or expense figures.
Interestingly, the United States Trustee Program does not actually perform the audits; rather, United States trustees select the cases and independent accountants conduct the audits.